{
  "creator": [
    "Hysing, Mari",
    "Petrie, Keith J.",
    "Harvey, Allison G.",
    "Lønning, Kari-Jussie",
    "Sivertsen, Børge"
  ],
  "date": [
    "2023-09-29"
  ],
  "description": [
    "Background: There is evidence of increasing levels of loneliness in Norwegian young people before the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not clear how the COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated necessary restrictions, impacted on these trends. Aims: To examine how loneliness in young people changed across the pandemic, how loneliness relates to demographic characteristics and how different pandemic restrictions impacted loneliness. Method: We analyzed data from three waves of a Norwegian national higher education student survey (the SHoT-study). Data was examined from 2018 from a total of 49,836 students, 2021 from 62,212 students, and from 2022 from 53,362 (response rates 31-35%). Loneliness was measured by “The Three-Item Loneliness Scale” (T-ILS). Results: There was a sharp increase in loneliness from 2018 to 2021, and a reduction in levels of loneliness in 2022, although at increased levels compared to prior to the pandemic. Females consistently report higher levels of loneliness than males, with a larger difference during the peak of the pandemic. There were higher rates of loneliness in geographical regions with higher COVID rates and greater pandemic-related restrictions during 2021. Loneliness was lower among students reporting more days on campus in 2021 and for those with lectures on campus in 2022, both with dose-response associations. Conclusions: Loneliness is a major public health problem among young adults in higher education. Loneliness increased during the pandemic and has decreased but is still not back to pre-pandemic levels. The results suggest the importance of open campuses and in-person lectures, for increased social connectedness among young people."
  ],
  "format": [
    "application/pdf",
    "text/html",
    "text/xml"
  ],
  "identifier": [
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/10483",
    "10.32872/cpe.10483"
  ],
  "language": [
    "eng"
  ],
  "publisher": [
    "PsychOpen GOLD / Leibniz Institut for Psychology (ZPID)"
  ],
  "relation": [
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/10483/10483.pdf",
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/10483/10483.html",
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/10483/10483.xml"
  ],
  "rights": [
    "Copyright (c) 2023 Mari Hysing, Keith J. Petrie, Allison G. Harvey, Kari-Jussi Lønning, Børge Sivertsen",
    "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
  ],
  "source": [
    "Clinical Psychology in Europe; Vol. 5 No. 3 (2023); 1-15",
    "2625-3410",
    "10.32872/cpe.v5i3"
  ],
  "subject": [
    "loneliness",
    "social isolation",
    "mental health",
    "young adult",
    "COVID-19"
  ],
  "title": [
    "Loneliness Across the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk Factors in Norwegian Young People"
  ],
  "type": [
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/article",
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"
  ]
}