{
  "creator": [
    "Werner, Gabriela G.",
    "Danböck, Sarah K.",
    "Metodiev, Stanislav",
    "Kunze, Anna E."
  ],
  "date": [
    "2020-06-30"
  ],
  "description": [
    "Background: Trauma-related sleep disturbances constitute critical symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but sleep symptoms often reside even after successful trauma-focused psychotherapy. Therefore, currently unattended factors – like fear of sleep (FoS) – might play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of residual sleep disturbances. However, it is unclear whether trauma-exposed individuals exhibit different symptomatic profiles of sleep disturbances that could inform individualized therapeutic approaches and eventually enhance treatment efficacy.Method: In a large online study, a two-step cluster analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method were performed to explore subgroups among trauma-exposed individuals (N = 471) in terms of FoS, different aspects of trauma-related sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia symptoms, nightmares, arousal), and PTSD symptoms. These variables were compared between resulting clusters using ANOVAs and Scheffé’s post-hoc tests.Results: The hierarchical cluster analysis supported 3- and 4-cluster solutions. The 3-cluster solution consisted of one “healthy” (n = 199), one “subclinical” (n = 223), and one “clinical” (n = 49) cluster, with overall low, medium, and high symptomatology on all used variables. In the 4-cluster solution, the clinical cluster was further divided into two subgroups (n = 38, n = 11), where one cluster was specifically characterized by elevated somatic pre-sleep arousal and high levels of FoS.Conclusions: A subgroup of trauma-exposed individuals with PTSD and sleep disturbances suffers from increased pre-sleep arousal and FoS, which has been suggested as one possible explanation for residual sleep disturbances. In these patients, FoS might be a relevant treatment target."
  ],
  "format": [
    "application/pdf",
    "text/html",
    "text/xml"
  ],
  "identifier": [
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2699",
    "10.32872/cpe.v2i2.2699"
  ],
  "language": [
    "eng"
  ],
  "publisher": [
    "PsychOpen GOLD / Leibniz Institut for Psychology (ZPID)"
  ],
  "relation": [
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2699/2699.pdf",
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2699/2699.html",
    "https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2699/3147"
  ],
  "rights": [
    "Copyright (c) 2020 Gabriela G. Werner, Sarah K. Danböck, Stanislav Metodiev, Anna E. Kunze",
    "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
  ],
  "source": [
    "Clinical Psychology in Europe; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020); 1-20",
    "2625-3410",
    "10.32872/cpe.v2i2"
  ],
  "subject": [
    "trauma-related sleep disturbances",
    "pre-sleep arousal",
    "insomnia",
    "nightmares",
    "fear of sleep",
    "posttraumatic stress disorder",
    "cluster analysis"
  ],
  "title": [
    "Pre-Sleep Arousal and Fear of Sleep in Trauma-Related Sleep Disturbances: A Cluster-Analytic Approach"
  ],
  "type": [
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/article",
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"
  ]
}