{
  "creator": [
    "Verner, Martin",
    "Conzelmann, Achim",
    "Lehnert, Katrin",
    "Seiler, Roland",
    "Wassmer, Annina",
    "Rammsayer, Thomas"
  ],
  "date": [
    "2010-11-29"
  ],
  "description": [
    "Stress response can be considered a consequence of psychological or physiological threats to the human organism. Elevated cortisol secretion represents a biological indicator of subjective stress. The extent of subjectively experienced stress depends on individual coping strategies or self-regulation skills. Because of their experience with competitive pressure, athletes might show less pronounced biological stress responses during stressful events compared to non-athletes. In the present study, the short version of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Test, a paper-pencil intelligence test, was used as an experimental stressor. Cortisol responses of 26 female Swiss elite athletes and 26 female non-athlete controls were compared. Salivary free cortisol responses were measured 15 minutes prior to, as well as immediately before and after psychometric testing. In both groups, a significant effect of time was found: High cortisol levels prior to testing decreased significantly during the testing session. Furthermore, athletes exhibited reliably lower cortisol levels than non-athlete controls. No significant interaction effects could be observed. The overall pattern of results supports the idea that elite athletes show a less pronounced cortisol-related stress response due to more efficient coping strategies."
  ],
  "format": [
    "application/pdf"
  ],
  "identifier": [
    "https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop/article/view/223",
    "10.5964/ejop.v6i4.223"
  ],
  "language": [
    "eng"
  ],
  "publisher": [
    "PsychOpen GOLD / Leibniz Institut for Psychology (ZPID)"
  ],
  "relation": [
    "https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop/article/view/223/223.pdf"
  ],
  "rights": [
    "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"
  ],
  "source": [
    "Europe’s Journal of Psychology; Vol. 6 No. 4 (2010); 56-70",
    "1841-0413"
  ],
  "subject": [
    "Cortisol",
    "athletes",
    "intelligence test",
    "sport"
  ],
  "title": [
    "Subjective stress in female elite athletes and non-athletes: Evidence from cortisol analyses"
  ],
  "type": [
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/article",
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"
  ]
}