{
  "creator": [
    "Tronsky, Loel"
  ],
  "date": [
    "2016-08-05"
  ],
  "description": [
    "Three experiments were conducted in which adults practiced complex multiplication problems (e.g., 4 x 17). In Experiments 1 and 2, after practice participants completed a number-matching task in which two digits (cues) were followed by a single digit (probe) and had to determine whether the probe matched either of the cues. In simple arithmetic (e.g., 4 x 3), when the probe is the product of the cues (12), participants are slower/more error prone when determining whether there is a match. Results of Experiment 1 extended this effect to complex multiplication. In Experiment 2, participants practiced problems with the larger operand first (e.g., 17 x 4) or with the smaller operand first (e.g., 4 x 17). The number-matching interference effect from Experiment 1 was replicated, and was equal across the two groups whether cues were presented in their practiced or non-practiced order. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine if two additional simple multiplication effects, consistency and relatedness, could be documented for complex multiplication. After practice, in a verification task (4 x 13 = 56?) it was found that when presented answers shared a digit with the decade digit of the correct answer (consistency) or were a correct answer to another practiced problem (relatedness), participants rejected answers more slowly and/or less accurately. Together, findings from the three experiments support arithmetic models that posit that commuted pairs are not represented in long-term memory independently and that posit representations of two-digit multiplication answers are decomposed into decades and units during arithmetic processing."
  ],
  "format": [
    "application/pdf",
    "text/html",
    "text/xml"
  ],
  "identifier": [
    "https://jnc.psychopen.eu/index.php/jnc/article/view/5697",
    "10.5964/jnc.v2i2.22"
  ],
  "language": [
    "eng"
  ],
  "publisher": [
    "PsychOpen GOLD / Leibniz Institut for Psychology (ZPID)"
  ],
  "relation": [
    "https://jnc.psychopen.eu/index.php/jnc/article/view/5697/5697.pdf",
    "https://jnc.psychopen.eu/index.php/jnc/article/view/5697/5697.html",
    "https://jnc.psychopen.eu/index.php/jnc/article/view/5697/5697.xml"
  ],
  "rights": [
    "Copyright (c) 2016 Tronsky",
    "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
  ],
  "source": [
    "Journal of Numerical Cognition; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2016); 140-165",
    "2363-8761"
  ],
  "subject": [
    "complex multiplication",
    "numerical cognition",
    "arithmetic",
    "number-matching",
    "practice",
    "obligatory activation"
  ],
  "title": [
    "The Obligatory Activation of Practiced Complex Multiplication Facts and What it Tells Us About Models of Arithmetic Processing"
  ],
  "type": [
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/article",
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"
  ]
}