{
  "creator": [
    "Kerkhoff, Denny",
    "Nussbeck, Fridtjof W."
  ],
  "date": [
    "2023-06-30"
  ],
  "description": [
    "In multilevel analysis, Level-1 predictors that also explain variance at a higher level are called contextual predictors. In the multilevel manifest covariate model, the Level-2 component is modeled as the average of the Level-1 predictor scores within a cluster. In the multilevel latent covariate model, the predictor is decomposed into two latent variables at Level-1 and Level-2. Performance conditions of these modeling approaches for three-level models are largely unexplored. We investigate the two approaches’ performance with respect to bias, coverage, and power in a three-level random intercept model. Results reveal differences in estimation quality and required sample sizes. We provide sampling recommendations for both approaches."
  ],
  "format": [
    "application/pdf",
    "text/html",
    "text/xml"
  ],
  "identifier": [
    "https://meth.psychopen.eu/index.php/meth/article/view/9775",
    "10.5964/meth.9775"
  ],
  "language": [
    "eng"
  ],
  "publisher": [
    "PsychOpen GOLD / Leibniz Institut for Psychology (ZPID)"
  ],
  "relation": [
    "https://meth.psychopen.eu/index.php/meth/article/view/9775/9775.pdf",
    "https://meth.psychopen.eu/index.php/meth/article/view/9775/9775.html",
    "https://meth.psychopen.eu/index.php/meth/article/view/9775/9775.xml"
  ],
  "rights": [
    "Copyright (c) 2023 Denny Kerkhoff, Fridtjof W. Nussbeck",
    "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
  ],
  "source": [
    "Methodology; Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023); 133-151",
    "1614-2241",
    "1614-1881",
    "10.5964/meth.v19i2"
  ],
  "subject": [
    "hierarchical linear model",
    "three-level model",
    "sample sizes",
    "parameter estimation bias",
    "power",
    "coverage",
    "contextual variable"
  ],
  "title": [
    "Estimation Quality and Required Sample Sizes in Three-Level Contextual Analysis Models"
  ],
  "type": [
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/article",
    "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion",
    "Peer-reviewed article"
  ]
}